Compounds

Synthetic pentadecapeptide from a gastric protein. Striking animal results; no controlled human trials.

GLP-1 receptor agonist. Among the most-studied molecules of the decade; approved for diabetes and obesity.

Triple GIP / GLP-1 / glucagon agonist. Phase 3 topline results are the largest weight losses reported for one drug; not yet peer-reviewed.

Dual GIP / GLP-1 agonist. Approved; beat semaglutide in a direct head-to-head trial.

GHRH analogue. Approved for one narrow indication; the general-population claims are extrapolation.

Selective GH secretagogue. One real randomised trial in humans — and it was negative.

Copper-binding tripeptide. Modest human evidence for topical skin use; injected use has none.

Synthetic tetrapeptide from a Russian gerontology institute. The human studies mostly tested a different product.