{"id":"5-amino-1mq","name":"5-Amino-1MQ","aliases":["5-amino-1-methylquinolinium","NNMT inhibitor"],"url":"https://lyoresearch.com/compounds/5-amino-1mq","class":{"id":"longevity-compounds","name":"Mitochondrial, antioxidant and longevity compounds","url":"https://lyoresearch.com/classes/longevity-compounds"},"summary":"5-Amino-1MQ is a small molecule — not a peptide — that blocks an enzyme called NNMT, which is elevated in the fat tissue of obese people. In mice, inhibiting NNMT reduces fat mass and improves metabolic markers, which is the basis of its sale as a weight-loss and metabolic 'peptide'. It has never been tested in a controlled human trial and is not approved anywhere.","overall_grade":"D","overall_grade_meaning":"no human evidence","human_trials":"0 controlled","regulatory_status":"Not approved","molecule":{"formula":"C10H11N2+","molecular_weight":"159.21","cas":"685079-15-6","pubchem_cid":950107,"note":null},"pharmacokinetics":{"basis":"animal","route":"Oral as sold; no human study","half_life":"No human pharmacokinetic data; a rat PK assay paper exists","licensed_regimen":null,"product":null,"source":{"title":"Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS assay for 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0731708521003666"}},"outcomes":[{"outcome":"Fat loss / metabolic health","grade":"D","grade_meaning":"no human evidence","effect_size":"not measurable","adverse":false,"human_studies":"0 controlled","evidence":"Inhibiting NNMT with 5-amino-1MQ reduced fat mass and improved metabolic measures in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. No human trial has tested it for weight or metabolism.","references":[]},{"outcome":"Safety in humans","grade":"D","grade_meaning":"no human evidence","effect_size":"not measurable","adverse":true,"human_studies":"None","evidence":"No human dosing study exists; there is no safety dataset. NNMT sits at a hub of NAD+ and methylation metabolism, so systemic inhibition has plausible but unstudied off-target effects.","references":[]}],"regions":[{"region":"European Union","status":"Unauthorised medicinal product","note":"No marketing authorisation in any member state. Supplying it for human use is an offence under national medicines law; a 'research use only' label does not change that."},{"region":"United States","status":"Not approved","note":"Not an approved drug and not a dietary-supplement ingredient. Sold as a 'research chemical' outside the medical system; the FDA has warned against several compounds in this class."},{"region":"United Kingdom","status":"Unlicensed medicine","note":"Not licensed by the MHRA. Selling or supplying it for human use is an offence under the Human Medicines Regulations 2012."},{"region":"Australia","status":"Prescription-only / unapproved","note":"Not on the ARTG. Supply without a prescription is unlawful; imports are seized."},{"region":"Canada","status":"Not authorised","note":"No Drug Identification Number; selling it for human use is illegal."},{"region":"Sport (WADA)","status":"Prohibited at all times","note":"As a non-approved substance, 5-amino-1MQ falls under WADA class S0 (non-approved substances) and is prohibited in and out of competition."}],"faq":[{"q":"Does 5-amino-1MQ cause weight loss in people?","a":"Unknown. The fat-loss data are from mice. There is no controlled human trial of the compound for weight or metabolism."},{"q":"Is it a peptide?","a":"No. It is a small synthetic molecule that inhibits the NNMT enzyme. It is grouped with peptides only because it is marketed and injected alongside them."}],"references":[{"cite":"Neelakantan H, et al. Selective and membrane-permeable small-molecule inhibitors of NNMT reduce adiposity in diet-induced obese mice (5-amino-1MQ).","where":"Biochem Pharmacol, 2018;147:141–152","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Neelakantan+NNMT+inhibitor+5-amino-1MQ+adiposity+mice","note":"The mouse fat-loss work."},{"cite":"Yang M, et al. NNMT in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives tumour progression; inhibition with 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium.","where":"J Immunother Cancer, 2024;12:e008340","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39067875/","note":"Illustrates the enzyme's broader biology; not a metabolic trial."}],"last_reviewed":"2026-09-03","literature_searched_to":"2026-09-03","changelog":[{"date":"2026-09-03","note":"Initial publication. Grade D on absence of any human trial."}],"license":"CC BY 4.0 — cite as “LYO Research” with a link.","methodology":"https://lyoresearch.com/methodology"}